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CXML/doc/using.html
2005-12-29 00:31:30 +00:00

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>Closure XML</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="cxml.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<div class="sidebar">
<p>
<a href="../README.html">CXML Homepage</a>
</p>
<ul class="main">
<li>
<a href="installation.html">Installing Closure XML</a>
<ul class="sub">
<li><a href="installation.html#download"><b>Download</b></a></li>
<li><a href="installation.html#implementations">Implementation-specific notes</a></li>
<li><a href="installation.html#compilation">Compilation</a></li>
<li><a href="installation.html#tests">Tests</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<ul class="hack">
<li>
<a href="quickstart.html"><b>Quick-Start Example</b></a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="using.html">SAX parser</a>
<ul class="sub">
<li><a href="using.html#parser">Parsing and Validating</a></li>
<li><a href="using.html#serialization">Serialization</a></li>
<li><a href="using.html#misc">Miscellaneous SAX handlers</a></li>
<li><a href="using.html#rods">Recoders</a></li>
<li><a href="using.html#dtdcache">Caching of DTD Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="using.html#catalogs">XML Catalogs</a></li>
<li><a href="using.html#sax">SAX Interface</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="using.html">DOM implementation</a>
<ul class="sub">
<li><a href="dom.html#parser">Parsing with the DOM builder</a></li>
<li><a href="dom.html#serialization">Serialization</a></li>
<li><a href="dom.html#mapping">DOM/Lisp mapping</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<ul class="hack">
<li><a href="xmls-compat.html">XMLS Builder</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h1>Using the SAX parser</h1>
<a name="parser"/>
<h3>Parsing and Validating</h3>
<p>
CXML is implemented as a SAX parser. (Refer to <a
href="dom.html#parser">make-dom-builder</a> for information about
DOM.)
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:PARSE-FILE (pathname handler &key ...)</div>
<div class="def">Function CXML:PARSE-STREAM (stream handler &key ...)</div>
<div class="def">Function CXML:PARSE-OCTETS (octets handler &key ...)</div>
<div class="def">Function CXML:PARSE-ROD (rod handler &key ...)</div>
Parse an XML document.&nbsp;
Return values from this function depend on the SAX handler used.<br/>
Arguments:
</p>
<ul>
<li><tt>pathname</tt> -- a Common Lisp pathname</li>
<li><tt>stream</tt> -- a Common Lisp stream with element-type
<tt>(unsigned-byte 8)</tt></li>
<li><tt>octets</tt> -- an <tt>(unsigned-byte 8)</tt> array</li>
<li><tt>handler</tt> -- a SAX handler</li>
</ul>
<p>
Common keyword arguments:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<tt>validate</tt> -- A boolean.&nbsp; Defaults to
<tt>nil</tt>. If true, parse in validating mode, i.e. assert that
the document contains a DOCTYPE declaration and conforms to the
DTD declared.
</li>
<li>
<tt>dtd</tt> -- unless <tt>nil</tt>, an extid instance
specifying the external subset to load. This options overrides
the extid specified in the document type declaration, if any.
See below for <tt>make-extid</tt>. This option is useful
for verification purposes together with the <tt>root</tt>
and <tt>disallow-internal-subset</tt> arguments.
</li>
<li><tt>root</tt> -- the expected root element
name, or <tt>nil</tt> (the default).
</li>
<li>
<tt>entity-resolver</tt> -- <tt>nil</tt> or a function of two
arguments which is invoked for every entity referenced by the
document with the entity's Public ID (a rod) and System ID (an
URI object) as arguments. The function may either return
nil, CXML will then try to resolve the entity as usual.
Alternatively it may return a Common Lisp stream specialized on
<tt>(unsigned-byte 8)</tt> which will be used instead. (It may
also signal an error, of course, which can be useful to prohibit
parsed XML documents from including arbitrary files readable by
the parser.)
</li>
<li>
<tt>disallow-internal-subset</tt> -- a boolean. If true, signal
an error if the document contains an internal subset.
</li>
<li>
<tt>recode</tt> -- a boolean. (Ignored on Lisps with Unicode
support.) Recode rods to UTF-8 strings. Defaults to true.
Make sure to use <tt>utf8-dom:make-dom-builder</tt> if this
option is enabled and <tt>rune-dom:make-dom-builder</tt>
otherwise.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Note: <tt>parse-rod</tt> assumes that the input has already been
decoded into Unicode runes and ignores the encoding
specified in the XML declaration, if any.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:PARSE-DTD-FILE (pathname)</div>
<div class="def">Function CXML:PARSE-DTD-STREAM (stream)</div>
Parse <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#NT-extSubset">declarations</a>
from a stand-alone file and return an object representing the DTD,
suitable as an argument to <tt>validate</tt>.
</p>
<ul>
<li><tt>pathname</tt> -- a Common Lisp pathname</li>
<li><tt>stream</tt> -- a Common Lisp stream with element-type
<tt>(unsigned-byte 8)</tt></li>
</ul>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-EXTID (publicid systemid)</div>
Create an object representing the External ID composed
of the specified Public ID, a rod or <tt>nil</tt>, and System ID
(an URI object).
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Condition class CXML:XML-PARSE-ERROR ()</div>
Superclass of all conditions signalled by the CXML parser.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Condition class CXML:WELL-FORMEDNESS-VIOLATION (cxml:xml-parse-error)</div>
This condition is signalled for all well-formedness violations.
(Note that, when parsing document that is not well-formed in validating
mode, the parser might encounter validity errors before detecting
well-formedness problems, so also be prepared for <tt>validity-error</tt>
in that situation.)
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Condition class CXML:VALIDITY-ERROR (cxml:xml-parse-error)</div>
Reports the violation of a validity constraint.
</p>
<a name="serialization"/>
<h3>Serialization</h3>
<p>
Serialization is performed using <tt>sink</tt> objects. A sink
is an output stream for runes. There are different kinds of sinks
for output to lisp streams, vectors, etc.
</p>
<p>
Technically, sinks are SAX handlers that write XML output for SAX
events sent to them. In practise, user code would normally not
generate those SAX events manually, and instead use a function
like <a href="dom.html#serialization">dom:map-document</a> or <a
href="xmls-compat.html">xmls-compat:map-node</a> to serialize an
in-memory document.
</p>
<p>
In addition to <tt>map-document</tt>, cxml has a set of
convenience macros for serialization (see below for
<tt>with-xml-output</tt>, <tt>with-element</tt>, etc).
</p>
<div style="background-color: #ddddff">
Portable sinks:<br/>
<span class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-OCTET-VECTOR-SINK (&rest keys) => sink</span><br/>
<span class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-OCTET-STREAM-SINK (stream &rest keys) => sink</span><br/>
<span class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-ROD-SINK (&rest keys) => sink</span><br/>
<br/>
Only on Lisps with Unicode support:<br/>
<span class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-STRING-SINK</span> -- alias for <tt>cxml:make-rod-sink</tt><br/>
<span class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-CHARACTER-STREAM-SINK (stream &rest keys) => sink</span><br/>
<br/>
Only on Lisps <em>without</em> Unicode support:<br/>
<span class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-STRING-SINK/UTF8 (&rest keys) => sink</span><br/>
<span class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-CHARACTER-STREAM-SINK/UTF8 (stream &rest keys) => sink</span><br/>
</div>
<p>
Return a SAX serialization handle.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
The <tt>-octet-</tt> functions write the document encoded into
UTF-8.
<tt>make-octet-stream-sink</tt> works with Lisp streams of
element-type <tt>(unsigned-byte 8)</tt>.
<tt>make-octet-vector-sink</tt> returns a vector of
<tt>(unsigned-byte 8)</tt>.
</li>
<li>
<tt>make-character-stream-sink</tt> works with character
streams. It serializes the document into characters <em>without
encoding it into an external format</em>. When using these
functions, <em>take care to avoid encoding the result into
an incorrect external format</em>. (Note that characters undergo
external format conversion when written to a character stream.
If the document's XML declaration specifies an encoding, make
sure to specify this encoding as the external format if and when
writing the serialized document to a character stream. If the
document does not specify an encoding, either UTF-8 or UTF-16
must be used.) This function is available only on Lisps with
unicode support.
</li>
<li>
<tt>make-rod-sink</tt> serializes the document into a vector of
runes <em>without encoding it into an external format</em>.
(On Lisp with unicode support, the result will be a string;
otherwise, a vector of character codes will be returned.)
The warnings given for <tt>make-character-stream-sink</tt>
apply to this function as well.
</li>
<li>
The <tt>/utf8</tt> functions write the document encoded into
characters representing a UTF-8 encoding.
When using these functions, <em>take care to avoid encoding the
result</em> into an external format for a second time. (Note
that characters undergo external format conversion when written
to a character stream. Since these functions already perform
external format conversion, make sure to specify an external
format that does "nothing" if and when writing the serialized document
to a character stream. ISO-8859-1 external formats usually
achieve the desired effect.)
<tt>make-character-stream-sink/utf8</tt> works with character streams.
<tt>make-string-sink/utf8</tt> returns a string.
These functions are available only on Lisps without unicode support.
</li>
</ul>
<p>Keyword arguments:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<tt>canonical</tt> -- canonical form, one of NIL, T, 1, 2
</li>
<li>
<tt>indentation</tt> -- indentation level. An integer or <tt>nil</tt>.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
The following <tt>canonical</tt> values are allowed:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<tt>t</tt> or <tt>1</tt>: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315">Canonical
XML</a>
</li>
<li>
<tt>2</tt>: <a
href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2001/XML-Test-Suite/xmlconf/sun/cxml.html?content-type=text/html;%20charset=iso-8859-1">Second
Canonical Form</a>
</li>
<li>
<tt>NIL</tt>: Use a more readable non-canonical representation.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
An internal subset will be included in the result regardless of
the <tt>canonical</tt> setting. It is the responsibility of the
caller to not report an internal subset for
canonical&nbsp;&lt;=&nbsp;1, or only notations as required for
canonical&nbsp;=&nbsp;2. For example, the
<tt>include-doctype</tt> argument to <tt>dom:map-document</tt>
should be set to <tt>nil</tt> for the former behaviour and
<tt>:canonical-notations</tt> for the latter.
</p>
<p>
With an <tt>indentation</tt> level, pretty-print the XML by
inserting additional whitespace.&nbsp; Note that indentation
changes the document model and should only be used if whitespace
does not matter to the application.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Macro CXML:WITH-XML-OUTPUT (sink &body body) => sink-specific result</div>
<div class="def">Macro CXML:WITH-ELEMENT (qname &body body) => result</div>
<div class="def">Function CXML:ATTRIBUTE (name value) => value</div>
<div class="def">Function CXML:TEXT (data) => data</div>
<div class="def">Function CXML:CDATA (data) => data</div>
Convenience syntax for event-based serialization.
</p>
<p>
Example:
</p>
<pre>(with-xml-output (make-octet-stream-sink stream :indentation 2 :canonical nil)
(with-element "foo"
(attribute "xyz" "abc")
(with-element "bar"
(attribute "blub" "bla"))
(text "Hi there.")))</pre>
<p>
Prints this to <tt>stream</tt>:
</p>
<pre>&lt;foo xyz="abc"&gt;
&lt;bar blub="bla"&gt;&lt;/bar&gt;
Hi there.
&lt;/foo&gt;</pre>
<p>
<div class="def">Macro XHTML-GENERATOR:WITH-XHTML (sink &rest forms)</div>
<div class="def">Macro XHTML-GENERATOR:WRITE-DOCTYPE (sink)</div>
Macro <tt>with-xhtml</tt> is a modified version of
Franz' <tt>htmlgen</tt> works as a SAX driver for XHTML.
It aims to be a plug-in replacement for the <tt>html</tt> macro.
</p>
<p>
<tt>xhtmlgen</tt> is included as <tt>contrib/xhtmlgen.lisp</tt> in
the cxml distribution. Example:
</p>
<pre>(let ((sink (cxml:make-character-stream-sink *standard-output*)))
(sax:start-document sink)
(xhtml-generator:write-doctype sink)
(xhtml-generator:with-html sink
(:html
(:head
(:title "Titel"))
(:body
((:p "style" "font-weight: bold")
"Inhalt")
(:ul
(:li "Eins")
(:li "Zwei")
(:li "Drei")))))
(sax:end-document sink))</pre>
<a name="misc"/>
<h3>Miscellaneous SAX handlers</h3>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-VALIDATOR (dtd root)</div>
Create a SAX handler which validates against a DTD instance.&nbsp;
The document's root element must be named <tt>root</tt>.&nbsp;
Used with <tt>dom:map-document</tt>, this validates a document
object as if by re-reading it with a validating parser, except
that declarations recorded in the document instance are completely
ignored.<br/>
Example:
</p>
<pre>(let ((d (parse-file "~/test.xml" (cxml-dom:make-dom-builder)))
(x (parse-dtd-file "~/test.dtd")))
(dom:map-document (cxml:make-validator x #"foo") d))</pre>
<p>
<div class="def">Class CXML:SAX-PROXY ()</div>
<div class="def">Accessor CXML:PROXY-CHAINED-HANDLER</div>
<tt>sax-proxy</tt> is a SAX handler which passes all events it
receives on to a user-defined second handler, which defaults
to <tt>nil</tt>. Use <tt>sax-proxy</tt> to modify the events a
SAX handler receives by defining your own subclass
of <tt>sax-proxy</tt>. Setting the chained handler to the target
handler, and define methods on your handler class for the events
to be modified. All other events will pass through to the chained
handler unmodified.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Accessor CXML:MAKE-NAMESPACE-NORMALIZER (next-handler)</div>
</p>
<p>
Return a SAX handler that performs <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407/namespaces-algorithms.html#normalizeDocumentAlgo">DOM
3-style namespace normalization</a> on attribute lists in
<tt>start-element</tt> events before passing them on the next
handler.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-WHITESPACE-NORMALIZER (chained-handler &optional dtd)</div>
Return a SAX handler which removes whitespace from elements that
have <em>element content</em> and have not been declared to
preserve space using an xml:space attribute.
</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre>(cxml:parse-file "example.xml"
(cxml:make-whitespace-normalizer (cxml-dom:make-dom-builder))
:validate t)</pre>
<p>Example input:</p>
<pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE test [
&lt;!ELEMENT test (foo,bar*)>
&lt;!ATTLIST test a CDATA #IMPLIED>
&lt;!ELEMENT foo #PCDATA>
&lt;!ELEMENT bar (foo?)>
&lt;!ATTLIST bar xml:space (default|preserve) "default">
]>
&lt;test a='b'>
&lt;foo> &lt;/foo>
&lt;bar> &lt;/bar>
&lt;bar xml:space="preserve"> &lt;/bar>
&lt;/test>
</pre>
<p>Example result:</p>
<pre>&lt;test a="b">&lt;foo> &lt;/foo>&lt;bar>&lt;/bar>&lt;bar xml:space="preserve"> &lt;/bar>&lt;/test></pre>
<a name="rods"/>
<h3>Recoders</h3>
<p>
Recoders are a mechanism used by CXML internally on Lisp implementations
without Unicode support to recode UTF-16 vectors (rods) of
integers (runes) into UTF-8 strings.
</p>
<p>
User code does not usually need to deal with recoders in current
versions of CXML.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-RECODER (chained-handler recoder-fn)</div>
Return a SAX handler which passes all events on to
<tt>chained-handler</tt> after converting all strings and rods
using <tt>recoder-fn</tt>, a function of one argument.
</p>
<a name="dtdcache"/>
<h3>Caching of DTD Objects</h3>
<p>
To avoid spending time parsing the same DTD over and over again,
CXML can cache DTD objects. The parser consults
<tt>cxml:*dtd-cache*</tt> whenever it is looking for an external
subset in a document which does not have an internal subset and
uses the cached DTD instance if one is present in the cache for
the System ID in question.
</p>
<p>
Note that DTDs do not expire from the cache automatically.
(Future versions of CXML might introduce automatic checks for
outdated DTDs.)
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Variable CXML:*DTD-CACHE*</div>
The DTD cache object consulted by the parser when it needs a DTD.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-DTD-CACHE ()</div>
Return a new, empty DTD cache object.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Variable CXML:*CACHE-ALL-DTDS*</div>
If true, instructs the parser to enter all DTDs that could have
been cached into <tt>*dtd-cache*</tt> if they were not cached
already. Defaults to <tt>nil</tt>.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Reader CXML:GETDTD (uri dtd-cache)</div>
Return a cached instance of the DTD at <tt>uri</tt>, if present in
the cache, or <tt>nil</tt>.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Writer CXML:GETDTD (uri dtd-cache)</div>
Enter a new value for <tt>uri</tt> into <tt>dtd-cache</tt>.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:REMDTD (uri dtd-cache)</div>
Ensure that no DTD is recorded for <tt>uri</tt> in the cache and
return true if such a DTD was present.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:CLEAR-DTD-CACHE (dtd-cache)</div>
Remove all entries from <tt>dtd-cache</tt>.
</p>
<p>
<em>fixme:</em> thread-safety
</p>
<a name="catalogs"/>
<h3>XML Catalogs</h3>
<p>
External entities (for example, DTDs) are referred to using their
Public and System IDs. Usually the System ID, a URI, is used to
locate the entity. CXML itself handles only file://-URIs, but
many System IDs in practical use are http://-URIs. There are two
different mechanims applications can use to allow CXML to locate
entities using arbitrary Public ID or System ID:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
User-defined entity resolvers can be used to open entities using
arbitrary protocols. For example, an entity resolver could
handle all System-IDs with the <tt>http</tt> scheme using some
HTTP library. Refer to the description of the
<tt>entity-resolver</tt> keyword argument to parser functions (see <a
href="#parser"><tt>cxml:parse-file</tt></a>) to more
information on entity resolvers.
</li>
<li>
XML Catalogs are (local) tables in XML syntax which map External
IDs to alternative System IDs. If, say, the xhtml DTD is
present in the local file system and the local copy has been
registered with the XML catalog, CXML will use the local copy of
the DTD instead of trying to open the version available using HTTP.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
This section describes XML Catalogs, the second solution. CXML
implements <a
href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/spec.html">Oasis
XML Catalogs</a>.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Variable CXML:*CATALOG*</div>
The XML Catalog object consulted by the parser before trying to
open an entity. Initially <tt>nil</tt>.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Variable CXML:*PREFER*</div>
The default "prefer" mode from the Catalog specification, one
of <tt>:public</tt> or <tt>:system</tt>. Defaults
to <tt>:public</tt>.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:MAKE-CATALOG (&optional uris)</div>
Return a catalog object for the catalog files specified.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:RESOLVE-URI (uri catalog)</div>
Look up <tt>uri</tt> in <tt>catalog</tt> and return the
resulting URI, or <tt>nil</tt> if no match was found.
</p>
<p>
<div class="def">Function CXML:RESOLVE-EXTID (publicid systemid catalog)</div>
Look up the External ID (<tt>publicid</tt>, <tt>systemid</tt>)
in <tt>catalog</tt> and return the resulting URI, or <tt>nil</tt>
if no match was found.
</p>
<p>
Example:
</p>
<pre>* (setf cxml:*catalog* nil)
* (cxml:parse-file "test.xhtml" nil)
=> Error: URI scheme :HTTP not supported
* (setf cxml:*catalog* (cxml:make-catalog))
* (cxml:parse-file "test.xhtml" nil)
;; no error!
NIL</pre>
<p>
Note that parsed catalog files are cached in the catalog object.
Catalog files cached do not expire automatically. To ensure that
all catalog files are parsed again, create a new catalog object.
</p>
<a name="sax"/>
<h2>SAX Interface</h2>
<p>
A SAX handler is an arbitrary objects that implements some of the
generic functions in the SAX package.&nbsp; Note that no default
handler class is necessary, because all generic functions have default
methods which do nothing.&nbsp; SAX functions are:
<div class="def">Function SAX:START-DOCUMENT (handler)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:END-DOCUMENT (handler)</div>
<br/>
<div class="def">Function SAX:START-ELEMENT (handler namespace-uri local-name qname attributes)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:END-ELEMENT (handler namespace-uri local-name qname)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:START-PREFIX-MAPPING (handler prefix uri)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:END-PREFIX-MAPPING (handler prefix)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:PROCESSING-INSTRUCTION (handler target data)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:COMMENT (handler data)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:START-CDATA (handler)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:END-CDATA (handler)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:CHARACTERS (handler data)</div>
<br/>
<div class="def">Function SAX:START-DTD (handler name public-id system-id)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:END-DTD (handler)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:START-INTERNAL-SUBSET (handler)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:END-INTERNAL-SUBSET (handler)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:UNPARSED-ENTITY-DECLARATION (handler name public-id system-id notation-name)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:EXTERNAL-ENTITY-DECLARATION (handler kind name public-id system-id)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:INTERNAL-ENTITY-DECLARATION (handler kind name value)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:NOTATION-DECLARATION (handler name public-id system-id)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:ELEMENT-DECLARATION (handler name model)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:ATTRIBUTE-DECLARATION (handler ename aname type default)</div>
<br/>
<div class="def">Accessor SAX:ATTRIBUTE-PREFIX (attribute)</div>
<div class="def">Accessor SAX:ATTRIBUTE-NAMESPACE-URI (attribute)</div>
<div class="def">Accessor SAX:ATTRIBUTE-LOCAL-NAME (attribute)</div>
<div class="def">Accessor SAX:ATTRIBUTE-QNAME (attribute)</div>
<div class="def">Accessor SAX:ATTRIBUTE-SPECIFIED-P (attribute)</div>
<div class="def">Accessor SAX:ATTRIBUTE-VALUE (attribute)</div>
<br/>
<div class="def">Function SAX:FIND-ATTRIBUTE (qname attributes)</div>
<div class="def">Function SAX:FIND-ATTRIBUTE-NS (uri lname attributes)</div>
</p>
<p>
The entity declaration methods are similar to Java SAX
definitions, but parameter entities are distinguished from
general entities not by a <tt>%</tt> prefix to the name, but by
the <tt>kind</tt> argument, either <tt>:parameter</tt> or
<tt>:general</tt>.
</p>
<p>
The arguments to <tt>sax:element-declaration</tt> and
<tt>sax:attribute-declaration</tt> differ significantly from their
Java counterparts.
</p>
<p>
<i>fixme</i>: For more information on these functions refer to the docstrings.
</p>
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